-15 Nov 2009- Des milliers de pelerins et les representant d’ associations taoistes du monde entier (malaysie, Singapoure, Taiwan, Egypte, France, Espagne…) se sont retrouves au temple Changchun de Wuhan afin de celebre l’intronisation de Maitre Wucheng Zhen, la premiere femme taoiste a obtenir le titre le plus eleve du taoisme: “fangzhang” (方丈). Ce titre n’est delivre qu’au personnes dont le mode de vie et les actions representent les valeurs taoistes, a savoir une grande generosite, tolerance et une sagesse eclairee. Le porteur du titre est choisi par l’ensemble de la communaute taoiste et actuellement, maitre Wu Chengzhen est la seule personne en Chine a etre reconnue Fangzhang.
Accompagnee par l’equite de tournage d’ARTE, Je profitais de l’occasion pour aller rendre hommage a maitre Wu Chengzhen et la remercier de l’aide et du soutient dont elle m’a fait l’honneur tout au long de mes annees d’apprentissages dans les temples taoistes.
Cet Evenement fit la une de nombreux journeaux et TV en Chine: 中国道教史上首位女方丈武汉升座仪式
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Photos du Rituel d’Intronisation:
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Interview realisee par : http://fr.showchina.org/21/02/2/200911/t468137.htm
Désignation de la première femme abbé taoïste
Wu Chengzhen, âgée de 52 ans et native de Wuhan, est devenue le 16 novembre la première femme abbé de l'histoire, longue de 2 500 ans, du taoïsme, après avoir été nommée à la tête du Temple taoïste Changchun, rapporte Chinanews.
Une cérémonie d'inauguration, à laquelle ont participé plus de 
1 000 taoïstes venus de pays aussi lointains que la France ou l'Egypte, s'est tenue dans la Salle Wangmu (la Reine-mère d'Occident) du Temple Changchun.
La sélection d'un abbé taoïste, le rang le plus élevé de cette religion, répond à des critères très stricts et exige des candidats de pratiquer l'autodiscipline et de maintenir une bonne réputation.
Wu Chengzhen, qui est devenue taoïste en 1984, est la directrice de l'Association Taoïste du Hubei. Elle est connue pour ses oeuvres charitables et, depuis 2000, elle a collecté plus de 4 millions de yuans (soit 585 859 dollars US) distribués aux pauvres et utilisés dans la construction d'installations publiques. Elle est aussi allée en Europe et en Asie du Sud-Est pour promouvoir les échanges culturels.
Un autre abbé de la Montagne Wudang, dans la province du Hubei, dit que c'est une personne très modeste et très populaire parmi la population.
Le Temple Taoiste Chanchun, situé sur le Mont Shuangfeng à Wuhan, est l'un des plus célèbres centres taoïstes de Chine. Un temple taoïste aurait même existé sur le site actuel dès le 3e siècle avant Jésus-Christ. Le Temple tire son nom de Qiu Chuji, un Taoïste ayant vécu sous la Dynastie Yuan (1271 -1368), et qui devenu célèbre sous le nom de l'Immortel Chanchun.
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Interview de l’Abbesse (Eng.):
The event made the headline in chinese newspapers and on TV.:
Here is an excerpt of her interview with China Daily:
China's First Femaile Principal Taoism Abbess
The vigor of Wu Chengzhen's faith has made her an exception to nearly two millennia of Taoist clerical orthodoxy.
On Nov 15, her intense piety earned her an appointment as principal abbess (Fang Zhang) of Wuhan's Changchun Temple, making Wu, 52, the first woman to hold such an eminent position in China's only native archaic religion.
"I think the ordination of a woman to such a high rank is a sign of the times," she says.
"It won't change anything about my daily life, but inside, I feel happy and grateful and a little ashamed, because I should do more."
Wu Chengzhen is the first principal abbess (Fang Zhang) of a Taoist temple in the religion's history.
The abbess wraps her crossed legs in a peach-colored blanket as she sits on the bed of her dorm room in Renmin University of China in Beijing, where she's now studying. A brown sweater peaks out from beneath her dark blue robe and her bun pokes out of the center of a cylindrical Taoist cap.
Periodically, her eyelids droop and she retreats into da zuo (Taoist mediation) mid-conversation. Moments later, she snaps back from her trances, speaking lucidly and seeming to have heard everything said while in her daze.
Wu relates her new station to the ancient myth of the Eight Immortals, a tale revered by Taoists. One of the deities, He Xiangu (Lotus Immortal), was a woman.
"Taoism strengthens equality among all people," Wu says. "It's also more egalitarian toward women than other major religions."
Wu comes from a devout family and is the youngest of six children, named Wu Yuanzhen before she was given her religious name. During her middle school years, she immersed herself in the home libraries of her Christian, Buddhist and Taoist relatives.
Her father was profoundly influenced by Confucian ethics, especially familial piety. When his mother fell ill at age 56, he hacked a chunk out of his humorous (the upper arm bone) with a knife for her to eat. He hoped such a grand gesture would move the gods to heal the woman.
Wu, 52, was crowned Principal Abbess of Wuhan's Changchun Temple at a grand ceremony on Nov 15.
Wu says it worked. Her grandmother immediately recovered and lived to the age of 87. The event is recorded in the Wu Family Genealogy kept by the government of Xinzhou, a county in Wuhan.
Wu followed an elder sister's example to commit herself to Taoism at age 23.
In an interview with the Wuhan-based Changjiang Times, Wu said she began her life at the Changchun Guan (guan refers to a Taoist temple), cooking, washing and planting vegetables.
She recalls that her master once told her to check if the water in a kettle had boiled. When she lifted the lid to look inside, the steam almost burned her face.
"My masters often scolded me: If I couldn't do anything, why did I leave the secular life?"
But she proved to be a persistent disciple - the only one of eight who remained after a year of training.
"Taoism focuses on optimism, cherishes life and deals directly with reality," she says.
But Wu accepts the supernatural in her conception of the corporeal. She claims to have seen dragons in Jilin province's Longtan Temple. She says the creatures swam in circles in the river while she and 25 believers stood on the banks communicating with the gods in June 2001.
The youngest of six children, Wu, followed an older sister's example to commit herself to Taoism at 23.
"It wasn't one dragon, one time or one day. It was three dragons, three times and three days it's true; you can ask the local people."
She describes the legendary rulers of water as being several dozen meters long with white bellies. Upon their arrival, the waters stilled and the skies became sunny, she says.
"There are many things we don't know much about, but we can't say they don't exist," she says.
Wu claims to have also seen Taoist gods flying toward her clad in radiant attire. "I always feel L Dongbin (one of the Eight Immortals) by my side," she says.
"If the pantheon chooses me, I will persevere in cultivating myself to also become an immortal."
Wu says she saw the deities during da zuo, which she does for several hours a day.
Between prayers and meditation, she attends to her daily work for the temple. This includes cultural tasks, such as preaching and advocating Taoism - she has some 10,000 disciples from all walks of life - and "hard construction" tasks, such as building Taoist teahouses and restaurants in the temple, and planning a hospital and a museum in the coming decade.
"I want to create a place where people can feel Taoist culture in everything - the food, the buildings, the music, the medicine, the teahouses and the tai chi," she says.
"There's so much to do; it will require tens of millions of yuan."
Changchun Temple has in recent years donated more than 4 million yuan to help victims of disasters, such as the Sichuan earthquake, the blizzards in South China, Typhoon Morakot in Taiwan and the Indonesian tsunami. It has also contributed to building charitable Hope Schools for poor children in rural areas.
Wu disagrees with commercializing spirituality, as Shi Yongxin has done for the Shaolin Temple. She says she doesn't know much about the entrepreneurial monk, except that he cruises around in luxury cars when visiting Beijing.
The temple provides Wu, who has lived there in a 10-sq-m room for three decades, a 370-yuan monthly allowance.
She lifts her robe to reveal holes in her sweater and then slips off her 25-yuan shoes, exposing toes that stab through tears in her socks.
"It's funny, isn't it?" she says, giggling.
"What's on the outside doesn't matter. My happiness comes from my soul," she explains, pointing to her heart and then to her temple.
Her greatest source of joy is personal development, she says.
Wu is finishing her dissertation through a four-month seminar at Renmin University organized for 52 religious figures.
Because Wu, who is 52, doesn't know how to use a computer, she handwrote 24 pages of the paper and had her apprentice type it for her. The study examines Taoism's function in creating a harmonious society.
"There shouldn't be any nuclear weapons, war or pollution, because these aren't propitious to the world," she says, tapping the paper and chuckling.
"People should be more like water, because water can absorb and hold a lot of things."
In 2001, Wu earned her first graduate degree at Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Wuhan.
Her degrees are honorary, because she only finished high school before the "cultural revolution" (1966-76). After a brief stint as an accountant after graduation, she began self-study at the temple but received no other formal higher education.
She became a Zhu Chi (lower-ranking abbess) of the temple in 1995. This May, when the temple decided to choose a principal abbess, the leaders of all departments of the temple unanimously chose Wu.
All Chinese Taoist temples have Zhu Chi, but only the prominent ones have Fang Zhang.
Leaders from the State Administration for Religious Affairs and the Chinese Taoist Association attended the grand ceremony at which Wu became the principal abbess.
Wu believes her new appointment will bring new tribulations.
She likens it to the heroes of the story Journey to the West, in which the pilgrims who received a divine calling to retrieve Buddhist scriptures from faraway lands faced a myriad of harrowing obstacles.
"If the gods chose me to do this, they'll place greater difficulties in my path," she says.
"But facing these will assist my self-refinement and make me a better Taoist."
(Source: China Daily December 4)
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- Intronization of the abbess: http://fr.showchina.org/21/04/200911/t468329.htm (Fr) ; http://english.cctv.com/20091116/103643_2.shtml ;
-Changchun Guan history : http://en.daoinfo.org/wiki/Eternal_Spring_Temple_(Changchunguan)_,_Wuhan (Engl.)
-Wuhan : http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuhan (Fr.) ; http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E6%B1%89%E5%B8%82 (ch.) ;
-My photos on PW and DW
-Web-videos
-Chinese newspapers (ch.) coveinr the event.
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La
L’etang
